Funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata, Galerina autumnalis) on a log near Dibuny, west from Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 7, 2016Synonyms: Agaricus autumnalis, Agaricus caudicinus, Agaricus marginatus, Agaricus unicolor, Galera marginata, Galerina autumnalis, Galerina unicolor, Galerula marginata, Galerula unicolor, Gymnopilus autumnalis, Naucoria autumnalis, Pholiota marginata, Pholiota unicolor.
Common name: funeral bell.
Russian names: Galerina okaymlennaya, Galerina yadovitaya.
Extract from Wikipedia article: Galerina marginata is a species of poisonous fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae of the order Agaricales. Prior to 2001, the species G. autumnalis, G. oregonensis, G. unicolor, and G. venenata were thought to be separate due to differences in habitat and the viscidity of their caps, but phylogenetic analysis showed that they are all the same species.
Galerina marginata is a small to medium-sized agaric fungus with a brown cap and yellowish-brown gills. In St. Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast, it typically grows in clusters on moss, wood, and other organic substrates in coniferous forests, particularly in areas with moist acidic soils. It has been found fruiting from late summer to early autumn, often in association with sphagnum moss and other acidic plant species. In north-western Russia, Galerina marginata is widely distributed and can be found in similar habitats, including bogs, heathlands, and coniferous forests, where it plays a role in decomposing organic matter and contributing to the region's fungal biodiversity.
Funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata, Galerina autumnalis) on a log near Dibuny, west from Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 7, 2016
Funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata, Galerina autumnalis) east from Kuzmolovo in northern Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 8, 2016
Funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata) between Orekhovo and Lembolovo, north from Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 28, 2016
Funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata, Galerina autumnalis) taken from wood chips near Orekhovo, north from Saint Petersburg, Russia, October 22, 2016
Funeral bell mushroom (Galerina marginata, Galerina autumnalis) taken from Pavlovsk Park, near Saint Petersburg. Russia, November 1, 2016
Funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata) in Petiayarvi, north from Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 17, 2017
Young funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata)(?) near Dibuny, north-west from Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 18, 2017
Funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata) in Blizhnie Dubki area near Lisiy Nos, west from Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 21, 2017
Funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata) on a mossy stump in Blizhnie Dubki area near Lisiy Nos, west from Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 21, 2017
Young funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata) near Dibuny, north-west from Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 28, 2017
Young funeral bell mushrooms (Galerina marginata, Galerina autumnalis) in a coastal forest between Lisiy Nos and Olgino, west from Saint Petersburg. Russia, September 6, 2018In Leningrad Oblast and north-western Russia, observations of Galerina marginata were recorded at various locations. The fungus was found on logs, wood chips, and mossy stumps in areas such as Dibuny, Kuzmolovo, Orekhovo, Pavlovsk Park, Petiayarvi, Blizhnie Dubki, and Lisiy Nos. Observations took place from September to November over three years (2016-2018). The mushrooms were often found in groups, with young specimens observed near Dibuny and in coastal forests between Lisiy Nos and Olgino. Some observations also noted the presence of Galerina autumnalis, suggesting possible co-habitation or similarity in habitat preferences. The varied locations and repeated sightings suggest that Galerina marginata is a relatively common species in this
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